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A vaginal cyst is an encapsulated sac, situated on or under the lining of vagina, and contains liquid or semi liquid substance. Vaginal cysts have rarely proved to be more troublesome than causing a bit of discomfort and slight pain, but in some cases, they can develop into tumors. A 5-year-old girl, who was complaining about a weird pain in her lower abdomen, was referred to the gynecology center of the hospital. Ultrasonography revealed a vague large cyst in her uterus and vagina. Surgical procedure was necessary to remove it. The patient was followed up for 6 months, and no sign of recurrence of the cyst was observed.

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Many women with polycystic ovary (PCO) are obese. These women have lower clinical pregnancy rates when compared with their lighter counterparts.  We hereby present a case of an obese PCOs woman, who referred to our clinic, underwent a microinjection, and failed in pregnancy. Then, she was recommended to have a change of lifestyle and lose weight along taking insulin-sensitizer medicines. In the following 6 months, she lost 19 Kilograms and referred to us with a spontaneous pregnancy. The object of this report was to determine the role of insulin intolerance medicines and lifestyle improvement on enhancing the rate of pregnancy in the PCOs obese women.

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Background: The basic pathophysiologic phenomenon in testicular torsion, a common urologic emergency, is ischemia followed by reperfusion. In this study, we evaluated the effect(s) of simvastatin (SIM), a lipid lowering agent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on mouse epididymal sperm fertilizing potential and the subsequent in vitro embryo development in experimentally-induced unilateral testicular ischemia-reperfusion (IR).

Methods: Adult male mice were divided into four groups (n = 6, each). Following anaesthesia, IR was induced by clamping the left testicular vessels with an atraumatic microvascular clamp for 30 minutes in the IR group. In IR+SIM group, in addition, the mice received SIM (20 mg/kg per day) orally for 3 days starting from the day of induction of the experimental IR. A vehicle-treated control group and a SIM-only treated group were also included. Ipsilateral and contralateral epididymal sperms fertilizing capacity was analyzed in four groups after 35 days.

Results: Significant reduction in fertilization as well as blastulation rates were observed in the IR group. However, the SIM treatment considerably attenuated the IR-induced negative alterations in the above-mentioned parameters.

Conclusion: These findings revealed the repro-protective effects of SIM on the murine model of IR through the inhibition of oxidative injuries and inflammatory reactions.

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Background: Studies have revealed that Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) usually begins in adolescence and it might manifest differently in different populations. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence and clinical characteristics of PCOS in a community setting in Iran.
Methods: In a community-based cross-sectional study 401 young women aged 18-33 years selected by cluster sampling proportionate to population size. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to screen predisposing factors for PCOS based on menstrual history and clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism.  PCOS be defined presence of least two criteria were considered diagnostic of PCOS, after exclusion of other etiologies.
Results: The overall prevalence of PCOS among young women was 19.0% (CI 95%; 15.0%, 23%). Compared with non-PCOS young women, The adjusted age OR of young women PCOS for problem in abnormal hair growth 5.07 (CI, 2.87-8.99; P< 0.0001) weight loss 4.72 (CI, 2.75-8.09; P< 0.0001), abdominal obesity was 1.83 (95% CI, 1.00 -3.11; p= 0.026), paternal alopecia was 1.760 (CI 95%, 1.03-3.02; p = 0.040), and consume pill for menstruation 18.75 (CI 95%, 6.53-53.96; p< 0.0001).  There were no significant difference between acne, increased weight, and depression with PCOS. The women with regular cycles in the absence of clinical hyperandrogenism 98.9% were confirmed as normal. While 93.9 % women with irregular cycle and clinical hyperandrogenism were confirmed to have PCOS.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that counseling and evaluating of the women with irregular cycle and clinical hyperandrogenism using an interviewer-administered questionnaire may be benefit for diagnosis of PCOS.
 

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of fertility age. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women with and without PCOS, who referred to infertility clinic.
Methods: In this case control study, 120 women with PCOS and 120 healthy controls, who had referred to infertility clinic, were selected for the purpose of this study. Polycystic ovarian disease was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam (2003) criteria, and the prevalence of MetS was assessed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria for both groups.
Results: Women with PCOS had markedly higher prevalence of the MetS than healthy controls (29.2% and 7.5%, respectively; P<0.0001). Among risk factors of MetS, the most prevalent components were low level of HDL cholesterol (97.5%), central obesity (86.7%), and high triglyceride (77.5%). The prevalence of MetS increased with age and BMI (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: The results suggest that the MetS was more frequent in PCOs infertile women, especially in upper age groups. Thus, the screening of these patients is suggested for preventive strategies in high risk individuals.

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The case report: Pancreatic pseudocyst is an encapsulated collection of enzymatic fluid with a well-constructed inflammatory wall bounded by fibrous tissues. However, this remains a rare occurrence in the setting of pregnancy, occurring in as low as 1 in 60,000 gravidas. With such a dearth in the obstetric presentation of pancreatic pseudocysts, no standard treatment guidelines to cater to the condition have been established. In this report, a 24-year-old patient was presented with upper abdominal pain, fever, and nausea in the 24th week of gestational age, which was later affirmed as a pancreatic pseudocyst on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI abdomen demonstrated a well-defined cystic mass measuring 9.5 x 6.0 cm with smooth margins, suggestive of a pancreatic pseudocyst. The patient underwent successful ultrasound (U/S)-guided pseudocyst drainage at 33rd weeks of gestation. Following close antenatal monitoring, she safely delivered a viable male infant at 36th weeks via an emergency cesarean section (C-section).