fa Obstetrics and Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology مروری Review Article <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:14.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Background:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Epithelial ovarian carcinomas represent a diverse category of neoplasms, including clear cell, endometrioid, serous, and mucinous subtypes. Often diagnosed at advanced stages, these carcinomas exhibit distinct biological characteristics and varying responses to treatment. Histologic diagnosis of these subtypes can be challenging due to overlapping morphological features.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:14.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Methods:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> This review synthesizes current literature on the use of specific markers for the detection and differentiation of epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes. The focus is on insights gained from histological and histopathological analyses.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:14.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Results:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> The review highlights the importance of antigen-antibody reaction-based techniques in identifying epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Key markers, including SATB2, CK67, HNF1B, PAX8, P53, P16, ER, and PR, play crucial roles in tumor detection, differential diagnosis, and understanding pathogenesis. These markers form a panel for the effective diagnosis and characterization of epithelial ovarian cancer.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:14.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Conclusion:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Immunohistochemistry (IHC) significantly enhances the histological diagnosis of gynecological diseases. The molecular revolution has improved the understanding of gynecological cancers, with immunohistochemistry techniques advancing the identification and characterization of epithelial ovarian carcinomas. This progress includes insights into tumor aggressiveness and the potential efficacy of targeted therapies.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /> &nbsp; Antigen-antibody reaction, epithelial ovarian carcinomas, Histological markers, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Tumor differentiation 25 33 http://caspjrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-12-147-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Basim S. Ahmed Al-Sulivany basim.ahmed@uoz.edu.krd 10031947532846002410 10031947532846002410 Yes Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, Zakho, KRG, Iraq Ghorbat S. Ali 10031947532846002411 10031947532846002411 No