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Background: Many observational studies were published concerning the mean age at menarche and suggested those which may be a decreasing age at menarche in Iranian girls. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the overall mean age at menarche in Iranian girls. 

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Background: Pregnant women empowerment is viewed by policy makers and health care practitioners as a mechanism to help pregnant women adapt to physical and psychological changes after pregnancy, and gain a satisfactory experience of childbirth. The aim of this study was to determine the pregnancy-related empowerment of urban women in Tonekabon, Iran

Methods: The design of the study was cross-sectional. A valid empowerment scale for pregnant women was used to determine pregnancy-related empowerment. The questionnaire containing 27 questions comprised five factors: self-efficacy, future image, self-esteem, support and assurance from others, and joy of an addition to family. Higher scores in all factors mean better empowerment score. In addition, a demographic and reproductive questionnaire was also used to obtain demographics and reproductive information. A total of 200 individuals, from two active urban primary healthcare centers in Tonekabon, were selected using cluster random sampling method. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 17.  Independent t-test was used to determine the relationship between demographic and reproductive variables with empowerment.

Results: The mean for the empowerment score of pregnant women was 78.7±6.7 (27 items scored from 1 to 4).  The women who worked outside home had higher self esteem score than those who worked just at home (19.3 vs. 17.7) (p= 0.024). Also the mean score of self efficacy in women with support of spouse was higher than those without their spouse support (18.1 vs. 16.1) (p= 0.001). In women with wanted pregnancy, the joy of an addition to the score was higher compared with those with unwanted pregnancy (P= 0.048). There was no statistically significant result found in the mean scores of the five factors (self-efficacy, future image, self-esteem, support and assurance from others, and joy of an addition to family) with age, own education, husband education, and number of pregnancy.

Conclusion: The results of this survey could be used not only to make efficient interventions for pregnant women, but also to promote empowerment of pregnant women.

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Background: Inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes are major the hindrances to prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this study was to understand the knowledge and attitude about HIV and AIDS in the Iranian population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review, searching online databases through December 2015 focusing on knowledge and attitudes about HIV and AIDS in Iran.  Inclusion criteria were the cases which aimed to determine the knowledge and attitudes of people, placed in Iran, and conducted in the last fifteen years. After extraction, documentation, specifications of articles and conference were classified in the Endnote software and duplicated cases were removed using this application and new review of the categories.

Results: Twenty four articles met criteria.  The knowledge and attitude toward HIV and AIDS were generally found to be  different and varied; these differences can be related to the inconsistency of research tools and applied questionnaires, the content of the questions, number of questions, the difference in the ratings and rankings, as well as sample size, methodology and study type.

Conclusion: We conclude that our results will guide the development of population-focused HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude in Iran, which is to be lacking among both the general public and healthcare.

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Background: Gestational weight gain during pregnancy is supposedly associated with the increased risk of some adverse outcomes. Thus, assessing the trend of gestational weight gain and its associated risk factors for each population may reduce the related harms. We examined the trend of gestational weight gain and some of its associated risk factors in a sample of Iranian pregnant women.
Methods: From five health centers in Isfahan, 458 pregnant women were selected through a multi-stage sampling method. The gestational weight gain was measured nine times during pregnancy. The latent growth curve model was used to investigate the trend of gestational weight gain and a random effects model was used to identify the factors affecting gestational weight gain during pregnancy.
Results: The mean weight at the baseline was 58.7 ± 0.1 kg. It increased by a mean of 301 ± 0.0 grams per week. The pre-pregnancy weight (p<0.001) and parity (p<0.001) had a significant indirect effect, and mother's height (p=0.028) had a significant direct effect on gestational weight gain. Mother's age showed no significant effect on weight gain during pregnancy.
Conclusion: More than 50% of our sample had an abnormal weight gain. Thus, according to the criteria proposed by the American Institute of Medicine (IOM), it is vital to promote the knowledge of women and health care providers and raise their awareness about the determinants of abnormal gestational weight gain and their consequences.

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Postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis (POVT) is a rare yet potentially life-threatening condition that can lead to severe complications and even death. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman, para 5, who presented to the obstetric emergency department on the second day following a vaginal delivery, complaining of right iliac fossa pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed thrombosis of the right ovarian vein. The patient was managed conservatively with a treatment regimen that included antibiotics and low molecular weight heparin, followed by warfarin therapy. Remarkably, she achieved full recovery without any complications. This case underscores the critical importance of prompt diagnosis and effective management of postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis. Early intervention is essential to significantly reduce the risks of morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for POVT in postpartum patients presenting with abdominal pain and other nonspecific symptoms to ensure timely treatment and favorable outcomes.