en Reproductive Health Reproductive Health مروری Review Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:14.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, often causing bleeding, pain, infertility, and reduced quality of life. Conventional therapies are limited by systemic toxicity, recurrence, and surgical morbidity. Nanotechnology offers a transformative avenue for uterus-sparing, targeted treatment.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:14.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Methods:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> This narrative review synthesizes preclinical and early clinical evidence on nanomedicine strategies for uterine fibroids, including polymeric and lipid-based drug carriers, gene/RNA delivery systems, theranostic nanoparticles, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-modulating approaches. Studies were assessed for therapeutic efficacy, delivery optimization, safety, and translational potential.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:14.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Nanoformulations enhance drug solubility, stability, and controlled release, increasing local accumulation and anti-fibroid effects. Polymeric and liposomal platforms, SPION-based carriers, and gene/RNA nanotherapies effectively reduced fibroid volume, inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis in preclinical models. ECM-targeted injections improved tissue penetration and elasticity, while combination with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) further amplified therapeutic precision and minimized systemic exposure. Despite these advances, clinical translation is constrained by limited human trials, fibroid heterogeneity, dense ECM barriers, and insufficient long-term safety and fertility data.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:14.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Nanomedicine provides a versatile, minimally invasive platform for targeted, uterus-preserving fibroid therapy. Future research should prioritize early-phase clinical trials, optimized nanoparticle design, comprehensive safety and pharmacokinetic evaluation, and fertility-centered outcomes. By reducing surgical burden and enhancing precision, nanotechnology holds the potential to redefine fibroid management and improve quality of life for women seeking fertility-sparing treatments.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div> Drug Carriers, Infertility, Leiomyoma, Nanomedicine, Precision Medicine, Quality of Life 4 12 http://caspjrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-12-173-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Kosar Amiri Andi 10031947532846002635 10031947532846002635 No Fatemeh Tohidi tohidi187@yahoo.com 10031947532846002636 10031947532846002636 Yes Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Ali Taravati 10031947532846002637 10031947532846002637 No